What are the practical limits of Windows Multipoint Server?

One of our favorite vendors (hint: starts with an H and ends with a P) recently discontinued a popular line of specifically designed hardware components for Windows MultiPoint server. This included both the Multi-seat server and Zero Client components.

We were very surprised and a bit disappointed!

I called to speak with the HP product champion at our distributor and was told that although the product had been quite popular, the overly optimistic hardware specifications published by Microsoft had caused the unraveling of the product line. Apparently there were too many schools out there attempting to install the maximum allowed zero clients onto an underpowered server at a ratio of 20:1.

And when the system (with 20 students trying to do online gaming) slowed to a crawl, the buyers got upset. Go figure…

As one wise military commander told me many years ago at Officer Training, when asked about the wisdom of doing a particular thing; “You can, but you may not”. This pretty much sums up the wisdom of the aforementioned scenario. Perhaps it is better stated that while you CAN attach 20 Zero Clients onto a modestly provisioned MultiPoint Server, you may in fact not WANT to do so.

For the record, MultiPoint, as of this writing is not going away. Nor has it been an unsuccessful new product, not by a long-shot. It is working very well in the schools we have installed it when a reasonable effort to design the system has been employed.
And not to worry, there are still plenty of vendors supporting the technology and the required Zero Clients that are required to easily roll it out. But you may want to curb your optimism just slightly as you do system design and engineering. A reasonable allocation of server resources, client connections, and bandwidth utilization will help you make MultiPoint the home run in your school.

Here are three specific suggestions that will ensure your project does not get bogged down:

1. Determine the purpose of the MultiPoint installation
2. Start with a properly specified server
3. Calculate the Server/Client Ratio conservatively

Determine the purpose of the MultiPoint Installation

 

There are widely divergent requirements for a MultiPoint installation. Some are managed with the strict control of a well-organized teacher leading a discussion and managing the student sessions. Others are a free-for-all student study hall where anything goes. And on occasion (at least a few times each year) there will be standardized student testing where workstations are configured precisely for a sterile testing environment.

 

As you design you MultiPoint installation, start with the designated purpose. And if you can’t ensure that designated purpose then design conservatively. You will be happier in the long-run (although your financial managers may not share your entusiasm).

 

In our rather unscientific, but thorough testing, we have found that a ratio of 5:1 with a reasonable MultiPoint Server is a very solid place to start. And on the upper end of the scale, we have found that exceeding 10:1 under most conditions is not going to deliver the needed performance for anything more than casual web-browsing.

 

Start with a properly specified server

 

It has been said that “Common sense is not so common”. But it makes sense in this scenario to have a Multi Core processer (more is better), as much RAM as you can afford, and a fast Hard Drive with at least 500GB of space. Additionally, the server needs to have the capability for rendering graphics. This is normally accomplished by installing a graphics card in one of the open slots if it is not built into the mains system board.

 

And while there are many different connection configurations for MultiPoint, we have had the best luck using USB. Accordingly, you will need to have as many USB ports on the server as you plan to have zero-clients. This might require you to purchase a USB card and install it in your server.

 

Some manufacturers design servers specifically for the MultiPoint Server Operating System, but a bare box system is fine. Other than what is mentioned above, there is nothing special about hardware required to run MultiPoint. If it will run Windows7 or Windows Server 2012 standard, it should work fine with MultiPoint Server.

 

Calculate the Client Server Ratio Conservatively

 

The ratio of clients to a single server is the last thing you should determine. We simply call it the client/server ratio. Microsoft advertises a ratio of 10:1 in Windows MultiPoint Standard and 20:1 in Windows MultiPoint Premium. With few exceptions these numbers are (characteristically) hype.

 

For hard core computer lab workstations, keep the ratios low. For occasional browsing of the library collection or standardized testing increase the ratios accordingly.

 

One other aspect of determining ratios is the simple matter of logistics or layout. Depending on how the rows or clusters of workstations are configured in your lab, you may need to adjust your ratios purely based upon space and distance. The USB cables included in the HP Zero Clients were 25’ long. Distances greater than that may not work well. Check with your specific vendor for the lengths of included cabling (if included).

 

Summary

 

Windows MultiPoint Server is a great technology that will dramatically reduce the cost of provisioning a computer lab at your school. Not only do you save tons in buying hardware, but you nearly eliminate one of the more costly components of your technology budget - technical support. And you will see a commensurate reduction in both electrical and heating/cooling costs.

 

You will also have a much, much quieter computer lab (not counting student noise!).

 

But don’t be ridiculous, while you CAN connect 20 clients to a single MultiPoint server, you MAY NOT have a good experience in doing so. Good advice for me back then and for you today…

 

If you need assistance in designing your MultiPoint Server project, give us a call.

OK, It’s time to get legal (names omitted to protect the guilty)

We recently met with a school director and their technology provider to discuss a solution that had Microsoft Licensing implications. When we asked about the schools software licensing, there was an uncomfortable shifting in the chair, a bit of hem and haw, followed by a very generic explanation regarding a previous IT provider a few years back and a school agreement. You get the picture….

What we heard was probably quite a bit different than what the administrator understood. And we left it at that. We are not the Microsoft Licensing police and frankly Microsoft Licensing is so ridiculously complicated that it takes a team of New York Lawyers to explain it, and a few CPA’s to calculate the costs. Alright, that is an exaggeration, but not much of one.

Having said that, I submit the time has come, in the world of Education that overlooking your Microsoft Licensing is really quite inexcusable. And frankly, unless you value your time at less than minimum wage, it really makes sense to just sign the agreement, pay the minimal licensing costs, and get on with life.

If you use the correct type of licensing, the process will literally save you time and money; not to mention that warm and fuzzy feeling you will have knowing you are playing by the rules.

Having seen firsthand the hoops that some go through to avoid legal licensing, it really makes no sense. You can now buy an umbrella Microsoft agreement that not only covers all computers in the school with Operating Systems, and core CALS, but it also provides a copy of Microsoft Office Professional Plus. Furthermore there are home use rights to boot.

And here is a little known secret. When you initiate a school agreement, there are a number of additional software licenses that magically appear in your Volume Licensing Center. Take for example the MultiPoint Server license and CAL’s for connecting to it. That’s right, they are included. Just try buying that software over the counter by itself.

Some school agreements also come with subscriptions to Microsoft educational titles, membership in the MSDN Academic Alliance, and Live@EDU services. Plus there are other Microsoft solutions such as the InTune Management software, Microsoft Dynamics CRM, and others that are a fraction of the cost when associated with your Annual School Agreement.

And you can literally receive an entire truckload of donated computers, which as soon as they enter your building are also covered. And did I mention any Virtual Machines that you create using Microsoft Hyper-V technology – they are covered as well.

Like most of you, I have a real problem with paying $450.00 for a copy of Microsoft Office Professional Plus in the shrink wrapped box. And that is a challenge in the for-profit world. But educational titles are so incredibly cheap, it takes way more resources to find ways around licensing than it does to do it properly.

Enough already, while the odds of a Software Audit are very, very small; all it takes is the phone call of one disgruntled staff member,  former vendor, or competitor to the software alliance and things could get real ugly.

If you have a software licensing question or need guidance on selecting the right school agreement, please call us. As a freestanding charter school, you have options that are both sensible and affordable. And you might be surprised at all the freebies you get for being legal.

Do the right thing!

Oh, one last thing. You might consider making your school agreement align with the eRate fiscal year. Eligible expenses are more easily allocated and reimbursed when they line up with July 1 – Jun 30 timeframes of the eRate program.

Virtualization - Part 3: Solving the Computer Lab Conundrum

In the two previous articles we explored the concept of Shared Resource Computing, termed virtualization, and described a few ways to deploy virtual machines in your school. Let’s get a little more practical and focus on the benefits of using virtualization in your computer lab.
A computer lab is the one common denominator in virtually (there goes another pun) every school we have managed.  Computer labs come in all sizes, shapes, and conditions. Although universal in usage, they vary widely in functionality, ranging from a collection of mostly broken, outdated computers donated to you after the end of their useful life to a collection of brand new ‘out of the box’ desktops.

Regardless of circumstance, there seems to be 5 universal challenges associated with computer labs:

1. Cost to acquire the hardware, network, and installation
2. Cost to maintain the high usage in a semi-hostile environment
3. Noise and heat levels that can distract students
4. Distractions of an endless variety  (as in the internet) during instruction
5. Consistent computing environment, especially during testing

Managing your computer lab may in fact be the most time consuming technical support requirement in your school. That tends to be the case in schools with higher grade levels (see my previous article about managing computers in a hostile environment). So in addition to reducing upfront costs, reducing ongoing costs will also be of great benefit.

 

There are many virtualization solutions available that address computer desktops (as opposed to servers), but don’t invest a lot of time exploring them.  In my view there is only one solution that adequately addresses the specific challenges associated with the computer lab in education.

 

That solution is Windows MultiPoint Server 2011, a computer operating system designed specifically for the computer lab at your school. It is the only solution that addresses the above listed challenges completely.

 

Let’s look at each one:

 

1. The cost savings experienced is directly proportional to the number of multi seat sessions you provision per server. We have tested 5:1 (five computing session to one server), but Microsoft advertises up to 20:1. Even at 10:1 you are only buying a fraction of the computer hardware.
2. There are no moving parts in the T200 Zero Clients we recommend, no hard drives, cooling fans, disk caddies, etc. Far fewer parts require far fewer repairs. Your administrative costs for the lab will plummet.
3. Put 25 – 30 computers in an average sized room and you are going to have heating and cooling issues. And the noise level of that environment has never been conducive to instruction and learning.
4. Having tried to instruct adults in technology training with the internet staring them in the face is a challenge. With kids it is nigh unto impossible. With MultiPoint Manager you control access to the internet, and point all computing sessions at once to where you want the students to go.
5. Testing preparation becomes a breeze. You simply sign in differently on testing day and the students are presented with a sterile testing environment, with appropriate controls in place to insure testing integrity.

A worldwide study conducted by Forrester Research concluded the following with respect to Microsoft MultiPoint Server technology:

 

• Teachers and students report that using a Windows MultiPoint Server 2011 station is as good, in terms of speed and performance, as if they were working on a traditional personal computer. 
• Overall student energy and enthusiasm is boosted when more students have a modern computing station to work on, instead of sharing an older machine and dated operating system amongst their classmates or having no computer access in the classroom at all.
• Teachers very much appreciate the administration and monitoring capabilities of the new MultiPoint Manager, with which they can direct and control class and individual students' lessons more effectively. The console is reported to be easy to learn, even for non-English speaking and non-technical instructors. 
• A Windows MultiPoint Server 2011 system is relatively easy to set up and deploy, according to interviewees. This is especially valuable for schools in remote areas where IT skills are scarce.
• Power cost reductions are important in the many areas of the world where electricity is a large line item in the school's budget — assuming it is available. 
• The overall cost savings compared to a traditional PC environment is substantial and analyses of these costs comprise the bulk of this study.  All schools reported being able to re-allocate these savings to other assets for enhancing the education of their students.

So there you have it. A three part series about what you need to know regarding Virtualization. For most of you, the sweet spot will be your computer lab(s). Using virtualization will reduce both the initial and ongoing costs of the computer lab, improve the learning environment, and simplify life for your teachers.

And I will virtually guaranteed (my final pun) you will love it. Our early adopters are already coming back for more.

One final note; in order to use MultiPoint Server 2011, you will need to address your Microsoft software licensing. See my earlier article about this subject.  After all, you don’t expect Microsoft to allow creation of all those virtual computers without licensing them!

Virtualization - Part 1: What is Virtualization and do I need it?

This article reminds me of a little boy who went to his father with a question, to which his father replied "Son, why don't you go ask your mom?" Knowing all too well this outcome, the little boy answered in exasperation, " Because, I didn't really want to know that much!"

The buzzword of "Virtualization" may just be this kind of subject for you. But more and more service providers are doing some kind of virtualization, so you might want to at least have a conceptual view.

In all honesty, I think some service providers virtualize infrastructures to make them so complicated that the school is held virtually captive (pun intended) and fearful of trying to manage the systems for fear they will disappear into thin air. Which, come to think of it, is actually quite possible...

Let's try to reduce the concept of virtualization sufficient to enable a decision about the technology and if it is right for you. Be patient this will take a few articles.

A virtual computer is a digital representation of another fully functional computer (the guest), which resides inside of a physical computer (the host). Wikipedia defines it thus: A virtual machine (VM) is a "completely isolated guest operating system installation within a normal host operating system".

Virtualization evolved from a fundamental economic requirement to reduce the cost of buying, housing, powering, and securing (think backups) of computers; mainly server class computers. It has been an exceptionally profitable undertaking.

I recall visiting one data center, and this was not a small single story building, with floors and floors of nothing but server computers. On a given floor there were rows and rows of racks filled with stacks of server computers, probably numbering in the thousands of actual physical servers, normally in a "blade" form factor so they could put more servers in a given rack.

There was an entire staff of network engineers moving through the rows doing some sort of maintenance, upgrades, or complete replacements. It was actually quite impressive, along with being very noisy and uncomfortably warm.

If I were to revisit that facility today, I would expect to see 75% less space being used to accomplish the same mission. Instead of thousands of servers, there might be hundreds. But, each of those servers would be running 10 Virtual Servers, delivering an equivalent in computing capacity.

Virtualization allows companies to dramatically reduce the cost of real estate, hardware, electricity, heating and cooling, and administration of data centers - (roughly in that order of savings). It is a mature and well established industry, with a few key software companies owning most of the market share. The solutions of which I am familiar are VMWare and Microsoft.

What is really cool, if you are a Geek, is that you can actually store an "image" of a virtual machine on a computer hard drive and launch it into action at a moments notice. When you do so, it's like magic - "poof"; and another fully functional computer appears on your network. This Virtual Disk Image (VMWare) or Virtual Hard Drive (Microsoft) can be moved easily to any host capable of powering it up.

Virtual machines have opened up all kinds of possibilities in managing technology at your school. But they are not without cost and may not always be practical in your particular situation. Proceed with care and it may save you a bundle, proceed carelessly and it may cost you your job when everything blows up

We'll explore a few of these ideas in the coming weeks.

Note: I am not an expert in either VMWare or Microsoft Hyper-V, leaders of virtual machine technology. This is not indended to be technical document, rather an overview for our many Charter School Administrators who  may really not want to know that much!

Managing Computers in a hostile computer lab

OK, so the notion of a hostile environment may be a stretch, but hear me out on this one. Jr High and high school students are not always the sweet and innocent models of decorum we would like. But having been there once,  I  understand. Managing computers in a lab can be frustrating, but with a little forethought you can keep your sanity.

Whether it’s showing off, flirting with a classmate, or just plain horsing around; stuff happens in the computer lab. Keys get popped off of keyboards, mice get ripped free of their chords, and the best one I’ve seen yet is a perfectly sized slice of baloney in the DVD drive. Being able to laugh about it is probably a good place to start.

However, if the problems are getting a little overwhelming with your resource constrained staff, here are some suggestions that might help.

Start with the right equipment

To the extent possible, use desktop computers in student labs, rather than laptops. They cost less to buy, are less expensive to repair, and tend to grow legs less often.  For real savings and administrative advantages, see the article about Multipoint Server in a computer lab, it will reduce the cost of the lab by 75%.

Desktops can often be mounted in cages that prevent physical access, which is an important step in your attempts to secure a computer.

Keep the network simple

Whenever possible, use a wired network connection for student labs. The bottleneck of twenty simultaneous You Tube videos will always impact a wireless network more adversely than a wired network. And wired adapters are much more reliable, given the security protocols passwords, keys, etc. that accompany WiFi.

Once configured, wired network devices rarely need management and access to the hardware is less apparent. In fact normal access is preventable through group policy settings. Speed is much faster on a wired network where even the very fastest wireless internet connection is about half the speed.

Provide Adequate Supervision

Adequate supervision is paramount in a computer lab. And this is the most common challenge we observe. If your staff is unwilling to provide accountable supervision and you as an administrator are unwilling to require it, then you might want to consider a teachers aid or parent volunteer. Even a non-technical individual can readily discern when a student is dismantling a computer.

It makes little sense to assign the task of student-sitting to your desktop or network support engineer. In a well managed environment,  they  are better utilized spending time resolving more complex issues.

Install video surveillance

This may seem  an overreach, but there may in fact be a very good case for this – especially in those schools with high risk populations  or special education requirements. Not only will this reduce vandalism, but in extreme cases may provide a solid defense against litigation. And there may be other very good reasons for videos surveillance.

Just knowing the possibility of videos recording exists can change behavior.

If you elect to use video surveillance, be sure to use digital cameras that are correctly specified as to focal length, field of view, and pixels per foot.  In most cases you can use your existing network infrastructure and Power Over Ethernet to eliminate much of your installation costs.

Summary

Remember that the only way to completely secure a computer is to prevent physical access to the computer.  Even the most hardened computer can be compromised if a student is given access to the physical device. By rebooting a computer with a bootable USB device, a very secure computer can be easily compromised by a clever student hacker.

So start with the right equipment, improve your supervision – either in person or by camera – and be suspicious if you see a student in the lunch room with a baloney sandwich, without the baloney.

Windows Multipoint Server - Reducing the cost of computer labs by 66%

Visualize for a moment a complete room filled with computer equipment that delivers the equivalent computing horsepower that you now hold in the palm of your hand. It probably does not require much imagination, as many of you have witnessed the advances in technology that have made this possible.

But is another exponential improvement in computing capacity possible? Indeed. It has been with us now for several years.

Introducing one of the latest (drum roll): Windows MultiPoint Server! Tah dah…

Okay, so advances in computer technology don’t excite you? Here is something that will. The cost to provision a full computer lab for your school just dropped by 66 percent. The technology that brings this huge cost savings is Windows MultiPoint Server, a new operating system designed for education.  Offered by Microsoft, it is roughly a marriage of Windows 7 Desktop Operating System and the Windows Server Operating System.

Because of the tremendous power in a single desktop or workstation, you can now literally power multiple and unique computer sessions for several students using one computer, with extra keyboards, video displays, and mice of course. This might take a little imagination, so follow along.

Think about a basic desktop computer that has been configured with two keyboards, two video displays, and two pointing devices such as a mouse. Two students sit on opposing sides of a library desk and view their respective computer sessions, which are individual and unique in every sense. They can run programs, browse the Internet, and do everything they currently do on a Windows based computer. The only commonality in their experience is proximity and connection to the same physical PC.

Now let’s stretch your imagination and the library table cited above. Think about four students or more, (up to twenty) all sitting at the same table connected to that single computer each with their own keyboard, video, and mouse. And you now have a conceptual view of Windows MultiPoint Server. And aside from the matter of how to physically connect all of the keyboards, video displays, and mice, the configuration is a function of the Windows MultiPoint Server Operating System design.

Of course there are limits to how many users you can attach to a basic computer workstation. We recommend four, unless you invest in more powerful workstations. Even basic computer workstations now come with four processors (Quad Core) and with memory capacities previously found only in server-class computers. If you provide sufficient memory to accompany the powerful processors, you end up with a very similarly equipped PC that you would find in traditional configurations. The difference is you are only purchasing cables and devices to make the physical connection, rather than an actual computer workstation.

Now let’s start adding up the cost savings: 75 percent savings on computers, annual maintenance, and power consumption, a serious reduction in the cost of cooling a computer lab, and a significant reduction in help desk calls to replace parts or to fiddle with configuration issues.

Some of you with “thin client” experience may be thinking this is just a modern day version of a rather old centralized computing setup of years ago. Not so. While similar in appearance, the essential difference is Microsoft Hyper-V technology. This is an advanced computing concept where computer sessions are created “virtually” and on demand. Each session is just like having a brand new computer with a fresh copy of Windows 7 installed and configured according to the type of user experience desired.

Only specially designed “thin clients” (actually termed "zero Clients") work with Windows MultiPoint Server and they exist primarily to provide a more efficient and cost effective way to connect so many keyboards, video displays, and mice to a single piece of hardware. In fact a “zero client” connection is just one of three supported configurations using Windows MultiPoint Server. You may alternately choose to connect via USB or by adding video cards directly into the host computer.

There is one other cost saving we recommend in this solution. By using a Microsoft Open Volume Subscription for Education Services (OVS-ES) you would have all of the Software required to operate all of these “virtual’ computer sessions. And FYI, the cost savings numbers we quote are not ours alone. They come from a study done by Microsoft. Your savings may in fact be more.